Thursday, February 2, 2023

Top 10 Most Beautiful Birds In The World

Which is the most beautiful bird in the world? who could possibly can answer this question? nobody, because, majority of birds in this world are beautiful. However, some species definitely have striking features which could outrank the rest. Here the list of 10 most beautiful birds in the world.

10. Keel-billed Toucan (Chachalaca)

CREDIT OF IMAGE : TTSCHLEUDER WIKIMEDIA

Keel-billed toucan is among the birds with most amazing bills in the world. They have huge, multi-colored beak that will reach up to 20 cm in length. Due to their colorful bill, keel-billed toucan is also known as rainbow-billed toucan. Their beak is a mixture of green, red and yellow colors.

In spite of heavy appearance, beak of the keel-billed toucan is hollow and light. It is made up of one type of proteins called keratin. They use this large, colorful beak to attract female during the breeding season and also as a defensive weapon.

This beautiful bird inhabit in the forest across Central and South America. They have a length of 20 cm and weigh up to 4 kg. Their plumage is mostly black with a yellow throat and chest. Keel-billed toucans are poor flyers due to their heavy wings. They can only move between the tree branches by hopping.

Keel-billed toucans are very social birds. They form small flocks that contain up to thirty birds. They live in either natural or woodpecker made holes in trees. Their diet mainly consists of insects, lizards, and eggs.

9. Wood Duck

CREDIT OF IMAGE : DICK DANIELS ON WIKIMEDIA

Wood duck is probably the most stunningly colorful waterfowl in the world. The male bird has a metallic, purplish-green head and crest. Their belly is white and chest is dark-red. Along the neck, they have attractive, narrow white stripes. Their wings are patterned blue and black.

Female wood ducks are not so colorful as males. They have grey-brown head, white belly and white speckled breast. Male bird uses their colorful plumage to attract female bird during breeding season.

wood ducks inhabit in marshes, wooded swamps and streams across North America. With unique coloration and shape, the wood ducks are also one of most easily recognizable birds in the North America. Unlike other water fowls, wood ducks nest in tree holes and form flocks.

8. Bohemian Waxwing


Bohemian waxwing is a medium-sized songbird with distinctive crested head and black masks. They are brownish-grey overall and wings have white and yellow edging. Thus, Bohemian Waxwing is among the most beautiful passerine birds in the world.

Bohemian waxwings inhabit in boreal forest across North America and Eurasia, mostly in Canada and Alaska. In winter, they migrate in large flocks to the Northwest parts of the United States. They nest on tree branches. Both male and female Bohemian Waxwings are known for their high pitched calls. They mainly feed on insects and berries.

7. Blue Jay


Blue jays are one of the most intelligent and beautiful birds in the world. They found across forests of Eastern and Central North America. The blue jays have stunning blue, white and black plumage. The most distinguishing feature of this songbird is its noisy ‘jay jay’ like calls. They can also imitate the call of other species of birds.

Besides the striking appearance, blue jays are famous for their intelligence. They may steal nestlings and eggs of other birds. Blue jays also mimic the voice of hawks to deceive other birds. It is said to blue jays in captivity also could mimic human speech and the voice of other pets.

Blue jays are social birds that found in small flocks. But in winter, during migration to the South, they form large flocks of hundreds of blue jays. Their migration behavior still remains a mystery among scientists. Not all blue jays migrate during winter, some birds remain in their natural territory. Also, no blue jays migrate every year.

6. Atlantic Puffin

CREDIT OF IMAGE : TERO LAAKSO FLICKR

Atlantic puffin is a small, well-adapted seabird that found across the coast of Northern United States and Eastern Canada. Atlantic puffins are also known as ‘sea parrot’ due to their huge, multi-colored bill and penguin-like coloration. Atlantic puffins spend most of their lives on sea. Their water-resistant feathers keep their body warm while swimming. They flap their wings to swim on the surface and underwater.

Atlantic puffins have excellent diving capability. They can reach up to 60 m on diving. They typically hunt sand eels, capelins and hakes. Atlantic puffins are also excellent fliers. They can reach a speed of 55 miles an hour by flapping wings up to 400 times per minute.

They breed in each summer and spring on the islands of North Atlantic Ocean. They build nest using feathers and grasses in the burrows on the cliffs. The female lays only one egg and it takes 45 days to hatch it. After hatching, adult puffins leaves the nest for finding food for the chicks. They bring back small fishes for their chicks. Atlantic puffins can load between 10-30 fishes in their huge beaks.

5. Hyacinth Macaw

CREDIT OF IMAGE : SUNIRA WIKIMEDIA

With an impressive length of 100 cm, hyacinth macaw is the largest of all flying species of parrots in the world. They inhabit in semi-open areas and savanna grasslands of Northern Brazil. Their population have been declined in past few years. Today, less than 5000 Hyacinth Macaws left in the world. Habitat loss and hunting are main threats to hyacinth macaw.

Besides the large size, Hyacinth Macaw is famous for their striking cobalt blue plumage with bright yellow rings around the eyes. Due to this stunning coloration, Hyacinth Macaw also called as ‘blue macaw’. They also have a beautiful long tail and strong and curved black bill.

With proper training, Hyacinth Macaws could be an excellent pet. To make them comfortable, You should also give them a lot of space. They are very playful and not so good at imitating words like some other members of Macaw family.

You should be aware of powerful bill of Hyacinth Macaws. It can’t be guaranteed that they won’t bite you even with proper caring and training. The Hyacinth Macaws also can be extremely loud when they are in a group.

4. Peacock


Peacock is actually the name of male bird of peafowl family. There are three types of peafowls in the world – Indian, Congo and green peafowl. The Indian peafowls are the most common type of peafowls found around the world. Peacocks (male birds) are renowned for their colorful display of iridescent tail feathers.

Peacocks can grow up to 5 feet in length, which make it one of the largest flying birds in the world. In fact, the long tail of a peacock makes 60% of its total length. The colorful tail feather display of peacocks is probably the most beautiful courtship display among bird family.

On courtship display, peacock spread out its enormous tail feathers to display the colorful patterns and eye spots. Some peacocks have a lengthy tail and more eyespots than others. The female peafowl or peahen also chooses a peacock with lengthy tail and more eye spots. Depending on the angle of reflection of light, color of the tail feathers of peacock looks different.

3. Flamingo



Flamingo is probably the most recognizable wading bird in the world. The stunning red-purple colored plumage itself make flamingo so special among birds. There are 6 different species of Flamingos in the world. They found on every continent except Antarctica.

An adult flamingo measure  4-5 feet in length and up to 3.6 kg in weight. Their neck is long and lean and has a distinctive downward, bend beak. The legs of flamingos are also very long, measure between 30 and 50 inches. The long leg and specially adapted beak let them to catch small fishes, larvae and planktons from the mud.

Flamingos live in large colonies that include thousands of members. Their striking red-purple color is due to the food they eat. Their diet mainly consists of brine shrimp, plankton, and blue-green algae. Flamingo also spends hours on oil up their plumage from the special glands using their plumage. It helps them to keep their plumage always in good condition.

2. Scarlet Macaw



Scarlet macaw is one of the most beautiful and largest member of macaw family. They inhabit in humid evergreen forests across Central and South America. They are famous for their colorful plumage. They have bright red plumage with a blue back. Their upper wings are yellow and edged with green color.

The strong, curved beak is another noticeable feature of a scarlet macaw. Its upper part is white and the tip is black. An adult scarlet macaw has a length between 80-90 cm and weighs up to 1.5 kg. They are excellent fliers and can reach up to a speed of 35 mph. Scarlet macaws also live for a long time. They have a lifespan of 40-50 years. It is said to be the scarlet macaws in captivity can live up to 75 years.

The magnificent, scarlet macaw is also among the most intelligent birds in the world. In captivity, they can easily learn words, sounds and tricks. It is said to be a well trained scarlet macaw could even distinguish the colors and shapes.

Scarlet macaws are also very loud parrots. They make different types of voices such as screeches and squawks. Their diet mainly consists of nuts, seeds, fruits and insects. With the strong, curved beak, scarlet macaws can easily break any nuts.

1.  Golden Pheasant


Golden pheasants are famous for their brilliant colored plumage. They have a beautiful golden-yellow crest tipped with red. Their underpart is bright red and face. Sides and throat are rusty tan. The wattle of golden pheasant is yellow and its upper back is green. They also have dark, red shoulder feathers and a long pale brown tail.

The male golden pheasants are more colorful than males. They have distinctive scarlet breast and flanks. Their central tail feathers also have striking black spots. Unlike male pheasants, females have a duller mottled brown plumage.

Golden pheasants live in the dense forests and woodlands across Western and Central China. Male golden pheasants are longer than females. An adult male normally has a length up to 42 inches. Interestingly, the tail account for two-third of its total body length. Golden pheasants are poor fliers and spend most of their time on the ground. They mainly feed on berries, seeds and insects.

Afterthoughts

There are about 10000 species of birds in the world. Each species is unique in many ways. They different in the beauty of plumage, size, call, migrating behavior, courtship displays, and feeding. So, when talking about the most beautiful birds in the world, different people have different opinions. Because beauty is the mind of the beholder. So, please feel free to share your opinions on this topic in the comment section below.

Sunday, August 21, 2022

 

The Top 10 Richest People In English Football Ranked Including Chelsea's New Owners



English football is big business, with many of the richest people in the world choosing to invest their wealth in the Premier League.

FourFourTwo have compiled a list of the 10 richest individuals involved in the English game using rankings from the 2022 Forbes Rich List.

Unfortunately, there are some notable absentees from the list, including Manchester City boss Sheikh Mansour and Newcastle United's new Saudi owners.

Possible reasons put forward for their omission is because either their wealth is deemed to be collective rather than individual, or that it is simply too difficult for Forbes to accurately predict their net worth.

Here are the top 10 rankings of individuals who can be accurately assessed.

10. Guo Guangchang, Wolves (£3.5bn)

Guo Guangchang's Fosun International conglomerate bought Wolves in 2016 for £45m and has overseen a period of success at the Molineux club, who have established themselves as a Premier League team since the takeover.

9. Todd Boehly, Chelsea (£3.6bn)

Credit: Alamy

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Boehly's consortium completed their £4.25bn takeover of Chelsea from Roman Abramovich earlier this month after the Russian billionaire was forced to sell the club following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Boehly also part-owns MLB team Los Angeles Dodgers and NBA franchise Los Angeles Lakers.

8. Hansjorg Wyss, Chelsea (£4bn)

Describe as "one of the most philanthropic people in the world", Swiss businessman Hansjorg Wyss will join Boehly on the board at Stamford Bridge. The founder of Synthes Holding AG, a medical device manufacturer, Wyss is heavily devoted to environmental causes and has pledged to donate $1bn to global conservation efforts by 2028.

7. Daniel Kretinsky, West Ham (£4.1bn) 

Credit: Alamy
Credit: Alamy

Czech lawyer Daniel Kretinsky bought a 27 per cent stake in West Ham in November 2021 and has agreed an option to buy the club outright in the future. He is also co-owner and president of Czech club Sparta Prague and also owns 10 per cent of British supermarket chain Sainsbury’s. 

=5. Josh Harris, Crystal Palace (£4.3bn)

The second American on the list, Harvard Business School graduate Josh Harris invested in Crystal Palace alongside David Blitzer in 2017. He also owns NBA franchise Philadelphia 76ers and ice hockey team the New Jersey Devils.

=5. Joe Lewis, Tottenham (£4.3bn)

Tottenham owner Joe Lewis bought a controlling stake in the club from Alan Sugar in 2001, later appointing Daniel Levy as chairman. The Brit, who became rich through trading currency, also has business interests in real estate and hospitality. Under his ownership, Tottenham have built their ultra-modern stadium in north London, which cost a reported £1bn to construct.


4. Nassef Sawiris, Aston Villa (£5.8bn)


Nassef Sawiris co-owns Aston Villa alongside Wes Edens. The Egyptian topped Forbes’ World’s Richest Arabs list and also has stakes in MSG sports - who own basketball's New York Knicks and ice hockey's New York Rangers.


3. Shahid Khan, Fulham (£5.9bn)

Credit: Alamy
Credit: Alamy

Shahid Khan bought Fulham from Mohamed Al Fayed in 2013 and also owns NFL outfit the Jacksonville Jaguars. The Cottagers have failed to fully establish themselves in the Premier League since his takeover but will have another chance this season after achieving promotion last season.

2. Stan Kroenke, Arsenal (£8.8bn)

Involved with Arsenal since 2007, Stan Kroenke took outright ownership of the Gunners in 2018 when he purchased Alishmer Usmanov's stake in the club. A controversial figure with many Arsenal supporters, Kroenke also owns MLS outfit Colorado Rapids, ice hockey's Colorado Avalanche, NBA franchise Denver Nuggets, and reigning Super Bowl champions the Los Angeles Rams. 

1. Lakshmi Mittal, QPR £(13bn)

Credit: Alamy
Credit: Alamy

The richest person in English football, according to Forbes, is QPR co-owner Lakshmi Mittal, who is also ranked as the 102nd richest person in the world. The Indian businessman Indian steel magnate became a board member at Loftus Road in 2007 alongside Bernie Ecclestone and Flavio Briatore, who have both since left the club.


Hira Mani’s English Accent Gets Hilarious Public Response


Hira Mani is a talented Pakistani actress, model, host and singer who is unstoppable.
 Hira is one of those actress who often remains under the limelight for several reasons.


 


Recently, a video of Hira Mani is making rounds on social media which shows Hira explaining the reason behind speaking Urdu at BBC radio. “I really want to speak in English but I have a Asian fan following as I’m an Asian. So my fans and followers usually understand Urdu and Hindi language and for a better reach I prefer to give interviews in Urdu”. she stated.


Right after the video clip went viral on social media, the netizens were quick enough to respond. The keyboard warriors trolled the actress for her fake English accent. Here we have gathered some hilarious public response, have a look!

Saturday, August 20, 2022

 

9 customer review examples to get more reviews

When it comes to making decisions, we humans aren’t always independent thinkers. From buying our morning coffee to big-ticket items like a new car, we depend on our network’s opinions, advice, or perspectives for making the right decision. 

With the internet, those networks get way, way bigger. We’re no longer confined to just friends, family, and coworkers—we can see what people all around the world think with just a quick Google search. 

And these customer reviews hold serious weight with shoppers. Online reviews—either positive or negative—can impact over 93% of consumers’ decisions.1 

While reviews can accumulate on their own, they shouldn’t exist in a vacuum. Knowing how to ask for reviews, leverage them to get more business, and respond to less-than-favorable customer testimonials can improve your business image and land you more long-lasting customers. 

Keep reading to learn about:


🌟 🌟 🌟 🌟 🌟 Want to get more customer reviews for your business? Use these outreach templates (and DIY customer review builder!) to help your customers give you the best review possible.

   

Imran vows another round of street protests from Sunday     news







Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf leader Imran Khan promised on Saturday another round of street protests against the coalition government starting Sunday, telling supporters at the Islamabad rally that he would provide a roadmap for the nationwide agitation at the public gathering in Rawalpindi’s Liaquat Bagh tomorrow. The PTI leader said this while addressing supporters at Islamabad’s F-9 Park, where he held a public rally to show solidarity with arrested party

 leader Shahbaz Gill and the ARY News channel that has been taken off air. He said the PTI would to go to the Supreme Court against Gill’s arrest and alleged torture, and will also seek legal action against the Islamabad police chief and his deputy as well as the magistrate who sent Shahbaz Gill on physical remand. At the start of his address, Imran cited the example of Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan. When Gengis Khan would conquer cities, he would erect a wall of decapitated heads while allowing some people to live, he said. “Those who were allowed to live would tell tales of Gengis Khan’s brutality. This resulted in many cities surrendering to Mongol hordes without a fight,” said Imran while drawing parallel with the case of Shahbaz Gill. “This is what the government is doing by torturing Shahbaz Gill. They want to tell us that if they can break him physically and mentally, then they can do it to anyone in Pakistan.” He said Gill wasn’t tortured due to what he said about the army. “Nawaz (Sharif), Asif Zardari, Maryam Nawaz, Khwaja Asif and Fazlur Rehman have said worse,” Imran said, adding that it was being done to show how coercion can be used to silence dissent. He said that media channels had also been told not to broadcast PTI rallies. “Channels were pressured into not broadcasting PTI events. But the flood of people at PTI events was reported by social media, and then by ARY News. That is why it was taken off air and action taken against its journalists,” says PTI chief Imran Khan at Islamabad rally. He cited the cases registered against ARY News journalist Arshad Sharif, the attack on Bol News presenter Sami Ibrahim and columnist Ayaz Amir as examples of such coercive measures. “Sabir Shakir is in Dubai because of this.” He accused the coalition government of using state machinery to crackdown on PTI’s protest in Islamabad that left dozens injured. Imran’s speech also referred to the ‘neutrals’, the term for the country’s Establishment. ““When I asked the Islamabad police officers about Shahbaz Gill’s arrest, they told me: We didn’t want to [arrest Gill] but we were pushed by boots.” Before Imran several other leaders addressed those gathered in Islamabad. Sheikh Rashid, the Awami Muslim League chief and staunch PTI ally, said that Imran Khan enjoyed popular support. “Everyone is standing behind Imran”. Earlier, the Islamabad administration said that it was unable to provide security for the public gathering while enforcing Section 144 in the federal capital barring public assembly. The spokesperson for the Islamabad deputy commissioner said that PTI was putting the lives of its leadership as well as those participating in the public rally at risk. In support of Gill Imran has stated on multiple occasions that Gill, his chief of staff, was sexually abused during his physical remand in the custody of Islamabad police. Khan also announced nationwide rallies to protest against the arrest. The former premier has led a nationwide agitation campaign - including massive public gatherings across cities big and small - for early elections since his ouster in a vote of no confidence on April 10. “I will lead a rally in Islamabad on Saturday… and rallies will be held in all divisional headquarters across the country,” he told journalists outside PIMS hospital. The PTI chief was unable to meet Gill after he wasn’t granted permission by the police on duty. In a series of tweets, the PTI chief said that his party will leave no stone unturned to identify people responsible for the “gruesome torture” on Gill and bring them to justice. “All the pictures and videos show clearly that Gill was tortured both mentally and physically including sexual abuse - most too gruesome to relate. He was humiliated to break him down I now have full detailed information”. An Islamabad court had suspended the physical remand of Gill until Monday after reserving a verdict on a police plea for his eight-day physical remand in a case under sedition charges. The court while rejecting the plea for extension in physical remand, directed the Islamabad police to transfer him to PIMS Hospital and conduct a complete medical check-up of the accused.

Thursday, August 18, 2022

Bullet Train (2022) Review

"Bullet Train" is an action film that could easily have been an animated movie, and often looks and feels like one. The story takes place on a bullet train careening across Japan, but most of the movie was shot on green-screened sets, and the cityscapes and countrysides that the train rides through are mainly miniatures and CGI. Its characters are a touch abstract as well, and knowingly comic-bookish. All are either paid killers or otherwise violent individuals connected with the world of crime, and the majority either have grudges against one of the other characters or are the object of a grudge and trying to escape the consequences of past actions. They tend to have tragic-sentimental backstories or be purely malevolent—and inevitably, 30 years after the great Tarantino realignment of the early nineties, most of them are chatterboxes who will monologue at anyone who doesn't point a gun at their head and order them to shut up, and the tone mixes winking black comedy and poker-faced pulp.


Brad Pitt stars as Ladybug, a former assassin ordered to board the train, steal a briefcase, and get off. He's replacing another assassin who became unavailable at the last minute, and he refuses his handler's advice to carry a gun because he just got out of anger management and has renounced killing. Ladybug's fellow killers are a bomber crew of homicidal oddballs. Joey King is "The Prince," who poses as an innocent schoolgirl appalled by the cruelty of men, but immediately reveals herself as a clever and ruthless engine of destruction. Brian Tyree Henry and Aaron Taylor-Johnson (who's groomed to look like the evil drunk Begbie from the original "Trainspotting") are brothers who have gone from mission to mission racking up a body count seemingly in the triple digits, and now find themselves on the train protecting the briefcase and escorting the depressed twentysomething wastrel son (Logan Lerman) of a terrifying crime boss known as the White Death.


The White Death is a Russian who took over a Yakuza family. His face isn't shown until the end of the story (it's more fun for the audience to resist Googling who plays him, because his casting is one of the best surprises in the whole thing). Hiroyuki Sanada is "The Elder," a greying but still lethal assassin connected to the White Death, and Andrew Koji is "The Father"—The Elder's son, obviously; they're out for vengeance because somebody pushed The Elder's grandson off a department store roof, putting him in a coma. They believe the person responsible is on the train, mingling with all the other agents of death.

The plot initially seems goal-driven, revolving around the comatose grandson and the metal briefcase. But as the script adds new fighters to the mix, and establishes that they're all tangentially connected, "Bullet Train" morphs into a half-assed but sincere statement on fate, luck, and karma—and Ladybug's constant (and often humorously annoying) comments on those subjects, voiced in discussions through a handler (Sandra Bullock's Maria Beetle, heard via earpiece), start to feel like an instruction manual for grokking what the movie is "actually" up to. (Ladybug is kind of a post-credits Jules from "Pulp Fiction" after repudiating violence, but he's still stuck in the life, and it has become more challenging because he has resolved never to pick up a gun again.)



Characters are given the sorts of typeface-onscreen-followed-by-flashback-montage introductions that genre fans will recognize from directors like Quentin Tarantino ("Kill Bill" seems to be a primary influence) and Guy Ritchie (who pioneered a particular brand of "lad action" in which verbal insults become little fists and knives deployed against enemies). The fighters go after each other with guns, knives, their fists, and whatever object they can get their hands on (the briefcase gets a workout as both a defensive weapon and a bludgeon). They banter as they struggle, and sometimes when one of them dies, the tone will shift into a maudlin lament that is often affecting because of the cast's skill, but that doesn't inspire deep emotion since the rest of the movie is so glib and superficial.

The film is directed by David Leitch, a former stunt coordinator and screen double for Jean-Claude Van Damme and this film's star, Brad Pitt, and the onetime directing partner of Chad Stahleski (of the "John Wick" series). He's become a specialist in high-grade acrobatic mayhem, having directed "Deadpool 2," "Atomic Blonde," and "Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw." It's hard to deny that he's one the best when it comes to overseeing this type of production—and it's sometimes a kick seeing "Bullet Train" lean into its knowingly ridiculous visuals, which sometimes verge on the psychedelia conjured in "Speed Racer."

But whether this type of project is entirely worth doing is a different matter. It seems to want to have it both ways, telling us "this is all light and silly and none of it is of any consequence" and at the same time trying to whack us across the throat with a moment of dramatic power so that we cry for the characters. Henry and Taylor-Johnson's story gets there, due to the love expressed between the brothers even when they're breaking each other's chops, and the performances of the two actors have a direct connection with the audience despite boasting Cockney accents that might not pass muster in a college production of "My Fair Lady." (The greatest achievement in the film is that Henry manages to take his character's relentless comparison of everyone else to Thomas the Tank Engine characters, and make you not loathe the gimmick on general principle.)

But the rest feels forced and insincere. "Bullet Train" is at its best when it's a comedy about self-styled badasses who think they're free agents but are really all just passengers on a train rocketing from one station to another, oblivious to the desires of any individual riding on it. The abstractness and "it's all a lark" humor ultimately undo any aspect that might otherwise sink its roots into the viewer's mind.

The project is abstract in another way as well: the script's source is a Japanese novel by Kōtarō Isaka, and the characters were Japanese. Leitch and company—who inherited the project from Antoine Fuqua, who had wanted to make a less jokey "Die Hard on a Train"-type film—have recast the tale "internationally," starting with Leitch's longtime screen partner Pitt. They had reportedly considered relocating the story to Europe, but decided to keep the Japanese setting anyway, and have defended this on grounds that "Bullet Train" is a fantastical film that could be set anywhere and is basically taking place nowhere.

The explanation doesn't wash, considering how dependent "Bullet Train" is on Japanese signifiers and cultural attitudes (King's character is basically an anime "schoolgirl" avatar come to life)—not to mention essentially deracinating all of the core characters save for a handful of stereotypical Yakuza, who have been given a Russian chieftain modeled on Keyser SΓΆze from "The Usual Suspects." Even in a fantasy, the latter seems a stretch, although the actors all sell it like the professionals they are. If nothing in the movie is real—either as a justification for the casting, or as a guiding aesthetic—why not just go full "Speed Racer" or "The Matrix" with it, and own the green-screeness of the entire project, and set it in the future on another planet, or in an alternate dimension? It's practically a Marvel superhero movie anyway, except that the characters can't come back to life after being killed off. The result might've been a delirious work of art, instead of a technically and logistically ambitious movie that doesn't leave much of an emotional or intellectual footprint.

Now playing in theaters.